Amatitlania nigrofasciata
The convict cichlid is a hardy Central American species named for vertical black bars. It breeds easily in captivity and defends fry aggressively—often recommended for learning cichlid breeding but not for peaceful community tanks. Pairs claim territories around caves, pots, or rockwork; aggression rises sharply when spawning. Omnivorous and unfussy about water within reasonable tropical parameters. Avoid mixing with slow or long-finned fish; similar-sized robust tankmates only.
Cichlid pellets; frozen bloodworm or brine shrimp; blanched vegetables; avoid overfeeding during breeding.
Frequency: 1–2× daily
Breeding pairs eat heavily; water quality must keep pace.
Native Region: Central America (Atlantic slope—Costa Rica to Guatemala)
Flowing streams and lakes with rocks and submerged wood.
Rocky aquascape with caves; strong filtration; separate pairs if excessive aggression.
Activity Level: High
Highly territorial when breeding; dominates tanks that are too small or too weakly stocked.
Difficulty: Easy
Type: Egg layer
Sexual Dimorphism: Males larger; mature females often show orange belly; venting confirms sex.
Cave or pot spawner; both parents guard eggs and fry; prolific—plan for fry removal or population control.
Substrate: Sand
Plant Safe: Yes
Terracotta pots and slate caves work well for spawning.
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